PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America	Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian											Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian						Wordian						264.28
				Wordian					Noginskian	Wordian						264.9 *
				Roadian						Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
									Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian					276.8 *
											Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian							Hessian			Autunian		283.5
Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian	Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
						Khamovnikian			304.8
						Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		Myachkovian			307
						Podolskian			308.9 *
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Melekessian			315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Prikamian			318.6 *
						Severokeltmian			319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
						Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		Zapaltjubian			323.2
						Protvian			324.4 *
						Steshevian			326.8 *
						Tarusian			329 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian		Venevian			330.9
						Mikhailovian			331.9 *
						Aleksinian			333.7 *
						Tulian			335.8 *
						Bobrikian			339.9 *
						Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		Kosvian			346.7
						Kizelian			350.7 *
						Cherepetian			351.9 *
						Karakubian			354.4 *
						Upinian			356.3 *
						Malevkian			357.6 *
						Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Payntonian		486.8 *
									Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian						Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian			499
		Drumian							Undillan			500.5
		Drumian							Floran			503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian		Topazan	504.5
					Templetonian		Delamaran	506.5
					Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian		Ordian			Waucoban †	509
									510.8 *
							Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																635