PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian											Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
				Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian												303.7
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian												307
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian												323.2
				Visean	Middle Mississippian												330.9
				Tournaisian	Early Mississippian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian								382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian								387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian								393.3
				Pragian													407.6
				Lochkovian													410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli														419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
			Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian													433.4
				Aeronian													438.5
				Rhuddanian													440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
				Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
				Katian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
				Sandbian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
				Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
				Dapingian								Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian					470
				Tremadocian								Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
				Tremadocian								Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		Ungurian	477.9 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					Batyrbaian	485.4
				Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
																Aksaian	490.7 *
																Sakian	492.2 *
				Paibian						Paibian							494
				Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Ayusokkanian	497
				Guzhangian						Guzhangian							499.5
				Drumian						Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
				Drumian						Drumian						Tuesaian	503
				Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian						Tuesaian	504.5
				Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian							509
																Toyonian	510 *
																Botomian	512.5 *
				Stage 3						Nangaoian						Botomian	514
				Stage 3						Nangaoian						Atdabanian	515.6 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian						Tommotian	521
				Stage 2													525.5
				Fortunian													529
				Fortunian						Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Poundian †										538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Wonokan †										571.7 *
																	635