PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6	0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian						Cenozoic 5	11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3	33.9
				Bartonian										Cenozoic 3	37.71
				Lutetian										Cenozoic 2	41.2
				Ypresian										Cenozoic 2	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1	56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8	66
				Campanian										Cretaceous 7	72.1
				Santonian										Cretaceous 6	83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Aptian										Cretaceous 3	113
				Barremian										Cretaceous 2	121.4
				Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2	125.77
				Valanginian										Cretaceous 1	132.6
				Berriasian										Cretaceous 1	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6	145
				Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5	149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian										Jurassic 4	165.3
				Bajocian										Jurassic 4	168.2
				Aalenian										Jurassic 3	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3	174.7
				Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2	184.2
				Sinemurian										Jurassic 1	192.9
				Hettangian										Jurassic 1	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4	201.4
				Norian										Triassic 4	208.5
				Carnian										Triassic 3	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian		259.51
				Wordian									Midian		264.28
				Wordian									Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian									Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
				Kungurian									Bolorian		279.8
				Artinskian									Bolorian		283.5
Yakhtashian				Artinskian	286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	Devonian 3		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan	Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian							Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian							Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian		489.5
			Paibian							Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	497
			Guzhangian							Boomerangian		499
			Drumian							Undillan		500.5
			Drumian							Floran		503
			Wuliuan							Templetonian	Cambrian 3	504.5
			Wuliuan							Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian		509
			Stage 4									510.8 *
			Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian										Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan		1375
															1400