PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Calabrian							0.774
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian			Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian			Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian							264.28
				Roadian			Permian 3				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2				273.01
				Artinskian							283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian			Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian		303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian		305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian		312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2	Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4			Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3			Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4					Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3		Cambrian 2			Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
											1400