PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		European Faunal Units	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian					Mangapanian	2.58
							Villanyian					Waipipian	3
							Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
							Vallesian						8.7
							Vallesian				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian					Astaracian					Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian	13.82
												Clifdenian	15.1
											Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					Orleanian					Altonian	15.98
							Orleanian					Otaian	18.7
							Agenian						20
		Aquitanian											20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						Waitakian	23.03
												Duntroonian	25.2
												Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A								33.9
											Arnold	Runangan	34.6
												Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian			MP 16							Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian			MP 16							Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							Bortonian	41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
												Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							Heretaungan	47.8
												Mangaorapan	48.9
												Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Teurian	56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian							Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian										Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
												Mangaotanean	90.5
												Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan	93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
												Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								Motuan	100.5
												Urutawan	103.3
											Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian										Korangan	113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian						Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian						Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian					283.5	Bolorian
		Artinskian					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian					Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
													538.8