PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian Subages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Germany
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian									303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian									307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian									323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian									330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian						365.3 *
						Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
						Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian					Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian						383.7 *
						Early Givetian						385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian					Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian					Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian						Pirgu				445.2
								Vormsi				449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
							Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
								Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †			453
								Haljala				453.9
								Kukruse				456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku				458.4
								Lasnamagi				458.9 *
								Aseri				460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
									Latorp †			470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Pakerort				485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
					Festiniogian							489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Festiniogian							489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids								497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai								509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
												538.8