PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian					2.58
		Piacenzian				Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean				Ruscinian					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian					5.333
		Tortonian				Turolian					7.246
		Tortonian				Vallesian					8.7
		Serravallian				Astaracian					11.63
		Langhian				Astaracian					13.82
		Burdigalian				Orleanian					15.98
		Burdigalian				Agenian					20
		Aquitanian				Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian				66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic				100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan							Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Kathwai		251.902
											252.4 *
									Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian							Chhidru		254.14
									Kalabagh		255 *
									Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
											265.3 *
									Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian							Amb		266.9
		Roadian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
					Aksaian			490.7 *
					Sakian			492.2 *
							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
					Ayusokkanian			Arcadian		498.4
										499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Topazan				504.5
						Topazan				505.3
						Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	Waucoban †		509
					Toyonian					510 *
					Toyonian	Dyeran				511 *
					Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3								514
						Montezuman				514.8 *
					Atdabanian					515.6 *
							Placentian			517.1
						Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
											538.8