PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian					3
		Zanclean										Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian										Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian					13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian					23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian					41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian										Heretaungan					47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian					56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian										Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
												Mangaotanean					90.5
												Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan					93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
												Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan					100.5
												Urutawan					103.3
											Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian										Korangan					113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †		449.6 *
								Streffordian	Berounian				449.7 *
								Cheneyan					451.5 *
								Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian							456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †				467.3
									Arenigian					468
			Arenig				Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian							470
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian		Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadoc				Cressagian							480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							Paibian							494
		Paibian							Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian					Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian							Drumian					Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian							530.7
																	538.8