PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8