PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan		150
								Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian						Warepan		208.5
								Otamitan		217
								Oretian		221
		Carnian						Oretian		227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian						Etalian		238
		Anisian						Etalian		242
		Anisian						Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian		249
		Induan						Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian		254.14
								Puruhauan		254.2
					Tatarian	Vyatkian		Puruhauan		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Urzhumian		Barettian		266
		Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
						Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian		276
						Filipovian				276.5 *
						Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
						Sarginian		Telfordian		285
						Irginian				285.9 *
						Burtsevian				287.8 *
						Burtsevian				288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
						Uskalykian				294.8
						Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian							298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian							303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian							307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian							323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian							330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
										419.2