PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian					Urzhumian	Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
							Filipovian				276.5 *
							Filipovian	Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
							Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
			Irginian	285.9 *
			Irginian	Rusavkinian			287.6 *
			Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Adorf				Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Siegen				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine				Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
											443.8