PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian			3
				Zanclean						Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian			56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian						Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan			100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian						Korangan			113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10	Festiniogian						489.2 *
			Jiangshanian	Festiniogian						489.5
			Jiangshanian	Maentwrogian						493.1 *
			Paibian	Maentwrogian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids						497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai						509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400