PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan													150
								Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian				Warepan													208.5
								Otamitan													217
								Oretian													221
				Carnian				Oretian													227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian				Etalian													238
				Anisian				Etalian													242
				Anisian				Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian													249
				Induan				Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan									Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian									Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian									Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan									Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian				Midian				259.51
				Wordian				Flettian					Wordian								264.28
								Barettian													266
																	Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian									Roadian				Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian				273.01
								Mangapirian									Kubergandian				276
																	Bolorian				279.8
														Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian																	283.5
								Telfordian													285
																	Yakhtashian				286
													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
																					288.5
				Sakmarian													Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian										Nealian			Asselian	Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian													Virgilian			298.9
				Kasimovian														Missourian			303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian													Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian													Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian													Atokan			315.2
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian													Morrowan			318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian													Chesterian			323.2
				Visean	Middle Mississippian													Chesterian			330.9
																		Meramecian			335.8 *
																		Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Early Mississippian													Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian	Early Mississippian													Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf			372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Couvinien		Eifelian			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien		Siegen			408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
										Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
									Dobrotivian						458.5 *
									Oretanian						459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †			Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †			Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian																		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																		Karatau	1000
		Stenian																		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																					1400