International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCarboniferous SubepochsDevonian of FranceCambrian of AustraliaCentral Paratethys StagesPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaCarbo-Permian of the Russian PlatformDevonian of GermanyTen Million Year BinsCarboniferous of China
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
TortonianPannonian7.246
SerravallianSarmatianCenozoic 511.63
Badenian12.8 *
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianTabenbulakianHsandagolianCenozoic 423.03
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
EocenePriabonianHouldjinian/Ergilian/UlangochuianCenozoic 333.9
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianGashatanCenozoic 156
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
Norian208.5
CarnianTriassic 3227
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianMelekhovianPermian 4251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Noginskian264.9 *
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Pavlovoposadian276.8 *
Artinskian283.5
Rusavkinian287.6 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianLate PennsylvanianCarboniferous 5298.9
Xiaodushanian300 *
KasimovianDorogomilovian303.7
Khamovnikian304.8
KrevyakinianDalaun305.8 *
MoscovianMiddle PennsylvanianMyachkovianCarboniferous 4307
Podolskian308.9 *
Kashirian311.4 *
Vereian313.8
Melekessian314.8
BashkirianEarly Pennsylvanian315.2
Cheremshanian316.9 *
Huashibanian318.5 *
Prikamian318.6 *
Severokeltmian319.9 *
KrasnopolyanianLousuan321.2 *
Voznesenian321.9 *
MississippianSerpukhovianLate MississippianZapaltjubianCarboniferous 3Dewunian323.2
Protvian324.4 *
Steshevian326.8 *
Tarusian329 *
Shangsian330.8 *
ViseanMiddle MississippianVenevianCarboniferous 2330.9
Mikhailovian331.9 *
Aleksinian333.7 *
Jiusian335 *
Tulian335.8 *
Bobrikian339.9 *
Radaevkian343.4 *
TournaisianEarly MississippianKosvianCarboniferous 1Tangbagouan346.7
Kizelian350.7 *
Cherepetian351.9 *
Karakubian354.4 *
Upinian356.3 *
Malevkian357.6 *
Gumerovian358 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianFamennianWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/NehdenDevonian 5358.9
FrasnianFrasnianAdorfDevonian 4372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianGivetianGivetianDevonian 3382.7
EifelianCouvinienEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianEmsianDevonian 2393.3
PragianSiegenDevonian 1407.6
Coblencien408.2 *
LochkovianGedinnineGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5443.8
Katian445.2
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10DatsonianCambrian 5485.4
Payntonian486.8 *
JiangshanianIverian489.5
PaibianIdamean494
MiaolingianGuzhangianMindyallanCambrian 4497
Boomerangian499
DrumianUndillan500.5
Floran503
WuliuanTempletonianCambrian 3504.5
Ordian507.8 *
Series 2Stage 4509
510.8 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
538.8