PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of England		Cambrian of Britain		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian												Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian									Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian									Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian												Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian			Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan				Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian										Wordian			264.28
		Roadian										Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian											Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian											Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian											Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian											Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †											298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
															538.8