International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 128255 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous Subepochs | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Permian Subages of Germany | European Faunal Units | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Buntsandstein | 251.902 | ||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Ohre/Aller | 259.51 | |||||||
| Wordian | Leine | 264.28 | ||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| 305.9 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | ||||||||
| Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | ||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | |||||||
| Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | ||||||||
| Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | ||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||