PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
						Planulata					179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
						Kanense					181.3 *
						Carlottense					182.3 *
						Kunae					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Kunae					184.2
						Freboldi					185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †					298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian							303.7
			Khamovnikian							304.8
			Krevyakinian							305.8 *
			Krevyakinian							305.9
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian						307
				Podolskian						308.9 *
				Kashirian						311.4 *
				Vereian						313.8
				Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Prikamian					318.6 *
				Severokeltmian					319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
				Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian					323.2
				Protvian					324.4 *
				Steshevian					326.8 *
				Tarusian					329 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Venevian					330.9
				Mikhailovian					331.9 *
				Aleksinian					333.7 *
				Tulian					335.8 *
				Bobrikian					339.9 *
				Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Kosvian					346.7
				Kizelian					350.7 *
				Cherepetian					351.9 *
				Karakubian					354.4 *
				Upinian					356.3 *
				Malevkian					357.6 *
				Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
											443.8