PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
				Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian	56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic			Motuan	100.5
										Urutawan	103.3
									Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian						Korangan	113
				Aptian							117.5
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			538.8
		Cryogenian			635
		Tonian			720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000
		Ectasian			1200
		Calymmian			1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian			1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian			2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
											4600