PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Silurian of the Baltic
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein														254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller														259.51
		Wordian		Leine														264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		Mapingian †													298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †													303.7
		Kasimovian																305.9
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian															307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian															323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian															330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian															346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian																372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian																382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian																387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian																393.3
		Pragian																407.6
		Lochkovian																410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli																Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian															Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian															Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian															Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian															Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian															Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian															Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian															Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian															Jaani	433.4
		Telychian															Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian															Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian															Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian															Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian															Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian					Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni				443.8
		Katian					Gamachian							Pirgu				445.2
							Richmondian											446 *
												Eastonian						449 *
														Vormsi				449.6 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian						Vormsi				449.8 *
							Maysvillian							Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
							Edenian							Nabala				450.4 *
							Edenian						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							Rakvere				451.1 *
												Gisbornian		Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian												Keila	Idavere †			453
							Turinian							Keila				453.7 *
														Haljala				453.9
														Kukruse				456.4 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor					Kukruse				457 *
														Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Darriwilian		Uhaku				458.4
														Lasnamagi				458.9 *
														Aseri				460.4 *
													Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
														Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
														Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian										Yapeenian						467.3
												Castlemainian						468.5 *
							Rangerian			469.1 *
							Rangerian			Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	Chewtonian		470
												Chewtonian		Latorp †		470.1 *
				Bendigonian								471.8 *
				Lancefieldian								473.5 *
										Hunneberg		473.7 *
							Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean					477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Stairsian			Varangu		481.3 *
					Skullrockian		Demingian †			Varangu	482 *
										Pakerort	482.2 *
				Warendian							482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
													486.5
																		487.5