PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian of North America		Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras												168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense												168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta												174.7
				Planulata												179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi										179.8 *
				Kanense												181.3 *
				Carlottense												182.3 *
				Kunae												183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae												184.2
				Freboldi												185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras											186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras											189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis											190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras										196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites												196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
		Wuchiapingian														254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian										Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
												Filipovian				276.5 *
												Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
												Irginian				285.9 *
												Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian									Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
												Uskalykian				294.8
												Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian													298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian													303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian													307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian													323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian													330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian													346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
		Pragian														407.6
		Lochkovian														410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli												Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
	Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian					Bolindian	Chientangkiangian							445.2
							Eastonian	Chientangkiangian							449 *
							Eastonian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
							Gisbornian								452 *
		Sandbian					Gisbornian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian	Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian					Castlemainian	Dapingian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	Yiyangian							470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian		477.7
						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
					Warendian	Lianghekou †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian		Albertian †			497
		Drumian						Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran		Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4						Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran					514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8