PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Calabrian							0.774
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3					174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2					184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4					208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Vokhmian				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	Vokhmian				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2					273.01
				Artinskian				Autunian			283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
Kasimovian				303.7	Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2	Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian			Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian			Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4				497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3				509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
											1400