PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Tarantian	0.0117
				Chibanian													Ionian	0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †				Zechstein						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes						259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian								Autunian						283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †			Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
				Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian							300 *
				Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian							303.7
											Dalaun							305.8 *
					305.9
				Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Huashibanian			318.5 *
						Lousuan			321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Late Mississippian			323.2
				Serpukhovian	Shangsian	Late Mississippian			330.8 *
				Visean	Shangsian	Middle Mississippian			330.9
				Visean	Jiusian	Middle Mississippian			335 *
				Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
				Pragian					407.6
				Lochkovian					410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
			Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
				Aeronian			438.5
				Rhuddanian			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
				Sandbian							453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †			456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
				Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
				Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
				Dapingian			Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian				470
									Whitlandian				471.1 *
									Moridunian				474.3 *
				Tremadocian			Tremadoc		Migneintian				477.7
							Tremadoc		Cressagian				480.8 *
													485 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
				Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
				Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean			Jiangshanian										493 *
	Steptoean			Paibian										494
	Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Series 3 †				Marjumian					Albertian †	497
			Drumian					Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2		Stage 4										Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
			Stage 4											Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3											Dyeran	514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian		Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635