PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Tarantian					0.0117
				Chibanian							Ionian					0.129
				Chibanian							Ionian				Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian			MN 17								Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian			MN 17								Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16								Mangapanian	2.58
							MN 16								Waipipian	3
							MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean												3.6
															Opoitian	3.7
							MN 14									4.2
							MN 13									4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian			MN 12									7.246
							MN 11									7.75
							MN 10									8.7
							MN 9									9.7
							MN 9							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
							MN 7 + 8									11.1
				Serravallian			MN 7 + 8									11.63
							MN 6									12.8 *
							MN 6								Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian			MN 5								Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian			MN 4									15.98
							MN 3									16.9
							MN 3								Otaian	18.7
							MN 2									20
				Aquitanian												20.44
														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
							MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian											Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
Cenomanian				93.9											Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian		Korangan	113
			Aptian			117.5
			Barremian			121.4
			Hauterivian			125.77
			Valanginian			132.6
			Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian		251.902
			Wuchiapingian					254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian						Wordian	Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian			Noginskian			Wordian	Urzhumian	264.9 *
			Roadian					Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian					Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
										Filipovian	276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian				Filipovian	276.8 *
										Saraninian	280.1 *
								Hessian		Saraninian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
										Irginian	285.9 *
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
						Rusavkinian					287.6 *
										Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian					Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
										Uskalykian	294.8
										Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian					303.7
						Khamovnikian					304.8
						Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian					307
						Podolskian					308.9 *
						Kashirian					311.4 *
						Vereian					313.8
						Melekessian					314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian					315.2
						Cheremshanian					316.9 *
						Prikamian					318.6 *
						Severokeltmian					319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
						Voznesenian					321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian					323.2
						Protvian					324.4 *
						Steshevian					326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
			Visean		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
Gorstian		Ludlow	425.6
Wenlock		Homerian	427.4
Wenlock		Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian			Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian			Chientangkiangian							445.2
			Eastonian			Chientangkiangian							449 *
			Eastonian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
			Gisbornian										452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian			Dapingian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian			Yiyangian							470
			Bendigonian										471.8 *
			Lancefieldian										473.5 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian							477.7
												Lianghekou †	477.9 *
			Warendian									Lianghekou †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																635