PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian						MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16	2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15	3.6
										MN 14	4.2
										MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12	7.246
										MN 11	7.75
										MN 10	8.7
										MN 9	9.7
										MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4	15.98
										MN 3	16.9
										MN 2	20
				Aquitanian						MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan		150
									Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian					Warepan		208.5
									Otamitan		217
									Oretian		221
				Carnian					Oretian		227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan		237
Etalian				Ladinian	238
Etalian				Anisian	242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian	509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
											635