PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian									7.246
				Serravallian						Sarmatian									11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														Vokhmian	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														Vokhmian	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein									Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller									Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian					Leine									Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
				Roadian														Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian															293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †											298.9
				Kasimovian				Mapingian †											303.7
				Kasimovian															305.9
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden								358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf								372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian			438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian					485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian					497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian					509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635