PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian Subages	Devonian of France	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian		66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic		100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian										Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Buntsandstein					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian							Leine					264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
				Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian				300 *
				Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian				303.7
				Kasimovian								Dalaun				305.8 *
				Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian			307
				Bashkirian									Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
												Huashibanian				318.5 *
												Lousuan				321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian	Late Mississippian			323.2
				Serpukhovian								Shangsian	Late Mississippian			330.8 *
				Visean								Shangsian	Middle Mississippian			330.9
				Visean								Jiusian	Middle Mississippian			335 *
				Tournaisian								Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian									365.3 *
							Early Famennian									368.5 *
				Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian									375.4 *
							Early Frasnian									379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian									383.7 *
							Early Givetian									385.9 *
				Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Couvinien							Eifelian	387.7
				Eifelian			Early Eifelian								Eifelian	390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian								Emsian	393.3
Early Emsian				Emsian	398.3 *										Emsian
Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
Pragian				Pragian	Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10					Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian					Iverian	489.5
			Paibian					Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	497
			Guzhangian					Boomerangian	499
			Drumian					Undillan	500.5
			Drumian					Floran	503
			Wuliuan					Templetonian	504.5
	Ordian		Wuliuan					507.8 *
	Ordian	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian	509
			Stage 4					510.8 *
			Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																635