PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian												Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan									150
								Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian				Warepan									208.5
								Otamitan									217
								Oretian									221
				Carnian				Oretian									227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian				Etalian									238
				Anisian				Etalian									242
				Anisian				Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian									249
Induan				251.2				Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
									Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
									Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635