PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian	Villanyian					2.58
								Waipipian	Villanyian					3
									Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean	Turolian					5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian										7.246
									Vallesian					8.7
							Southland	Waiauan	Vallesian					11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan	Astaracian					11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian						13.82
								Clifdenian						15.1
							Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian	Orleanian					15.98
								Otaian	Orleanian					18.7
									Agenian					20
				Aquitanian										20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian						23.03
								Duntroonian						25.2
								Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
							Arnold	Runangan						34.6
								Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
								Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
								Mangaorapan						48.9
								Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
								Mangaotanean						90.5
								Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan						93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
								Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan						100.5
								Urutawan						103.3
							Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian				Korangan						113
				Aptian										117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †	467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian		468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635