PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian			3
				Zanclean				Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan			47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian			56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan			100.5
								Urutawan			103.3
							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian				Korangan			113
				Aptian							117.5
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400