PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Bartonian										MP 16		37.71
				Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Ypresian										MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
				Wuchiapingian												254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian							256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian					Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian							266.9
				Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
									Filipovian							276.5 *
									Saraninian							280.1 *
				Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
									Irginian							285.9 *
									Burtsevian							287.8 *
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian							291.7 *
				Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian							293.52
									Uskalykian							294.8
									Surenian							297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian									298.9
				Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian									303.7
				Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian									307
				Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian									315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian									323.2
				Visean			Middle Mississippian									330.9
				Tournaisian			Early Mississippian									346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
			Katian			Berounian				449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
						Dobrotivian						458.5 *
						Oretanian						459.7 *
							Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635