PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China		Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian							0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian	Yushean							2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean					Baodean							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian								5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian								7.246
								Vallesian								8.7
								Vallesian	Tunggurian							11.1
				Serravallian				Astaracian	Tunggurian							11.63
				Langhian				Astaracian	Shanwangian							13.82
				Burdigalian				Orleanian	Shanwangian							15.98
								Orleanian	Xiejiaan							16.9
								Agenian								20
				Aquitanian				Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian									66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic									100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian			Neocomian									125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian						Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian						254.14
										Laoshanian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
										Laibinian					Vyatkian	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan					Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian						Kuhfengian					Urzhumian	264.28
Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
						Filipovian				276.5 *
						Saraninian				280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Longlinian		Sarginian				285.4 *
						Irginian				285.9 *
						Burtsevian				287.8 *
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
			Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
						Uskalykian				294.8
						Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
			Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian				485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian				497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635