PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian		3
				Zanclean					Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan	Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian						Sarmatian	11.63
										Badenian	12.8 *
									Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian		13.82
									Clifdenian		15.1
								Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian		23.03
									Duntroonian		25.2
									Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
								Arnold	Runangan		34.6
									Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian		41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
									Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan		47.8
									Mangaorapan		48.9
									Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian		56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian	Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
									Mangaotanean		90.5
									Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
									Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic		Motuan		100.5
									Urutawan		103.3
								Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian					Korangan		113
				Aptian							117.5
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
			Tremadocian			477.7
			Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian						494
			Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian	499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian	500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan	509
				Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian		514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
											635