PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian					66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic					100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian			Neocomian					125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras				168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
								Planulata				179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
								Kanense				181.3 *
								Carlottense				182.3 *
								Kunae				183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae				184.2
								Freboldi				185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian								192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
Wuchiapingian			Lopingian	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
												635