PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Serravallian																11.63
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian										Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											Vokhmian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											Vokhmian					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian								Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian								Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
				Kungurian									Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian									Hessian							283.5
				Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
				Sakmarian									Lenoxian							290.1
				Asselian									Nealian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg				477.7
							Varangu				481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
											Festiniogian					489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian					489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian					493.1 *
	Paibian		494								Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids								Series 3 †					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
																				1400