International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleObsolete Precambrian AgesCambrian of BritainOrdovician of the BalticOrdovician of AustraliaCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeAmmonite Chrons of Northwest EuropePermian of the Salt RangeCentral Paratethys StagesSilurian of the Baltic
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantian0.0117
ChibanianIonian0.129
Calabrian0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
MioceneMessinian5.333
TortonianPannonian7.246
SerravallianSarmatian11.63
Badenian12.8 *
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonian33.9
Bartonian37.71
Lutetian41.2
Ypresian47.8
PaleoceneThanetian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
BajocianParkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites168.2
Humphresianum168.4
AalenianConcavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLevesquei/Variabilis/BifronsThouarsense174.7
180.1
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum182
PliensbachianSpinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni184.2
SinemurianRaricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi192.9
HettangianAngulata/Liasicus/Planorbis199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
Kathwai251.5 *
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
252.4 *
Chhidru252.9 *
Wuchiapingian254.14
Kalabagh255 *
Wargal256 *
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
265.3 *
Amb266.1 *
Roadian266.9
270.7 *
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Kasimovian303.7
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliOhesaare419.2
Kaugetuma421.7 *
LudlowLudfordianKuressaare423
Paadla423.4 *
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianRootsikula427.4
Jaagarahu429.2 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
Jaani431.8 *
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Adavere434 *
Aeronian438.5
Raikkula439.4 *
Rhuddanian440.8
Juuru441.4 *
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianHarjuPorkuniBolindian443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Eastonian449 *
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
OanduGisbornian452 *
SandbianKeilaIdavere †453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilian458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
DapingianYapeenian467.3
Castlemainian468.5 *
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloianChewtonian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Bendigonian471.8 *
Lancefieldian473.5 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
Tremadocian477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
Warendian482.8 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10MerionethDolgellian/Trempealeauan485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Festiniogian489.2 *
Jiangshanian489.5
Maentwrogian493.1 *
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianSt Davids497
Drumian500.5
Wuliuan504.5
Series 2Stage 4Caerfai509
Stage 3514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
Fortunian529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian †Poundian †538.8
Wonokan †571.7 *
635