PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan						Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Melekhovian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Wordian									Noginskian									264.9 *
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Kungurian									Pavlovoposadian									276.8 *
				Artinskian									Pavlovoposadian									283.5
				Artinskian									Rusavkinian									287.6 *
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																		293.52
				Asselian												Kuzel						297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Kuzel						298.9
																Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
																	Stephanian B					300.9 *
																	Stephanian A					301.4 *
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Khamovnikian	Cantabrian	305 *
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
				Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Podolskian		Westphalian D	308.9 *
				Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
				Kashirian			311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Vereian		Westphalian B	314.6
				Melekessian			314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Cheremshanian		Westphalian A	317 *
				Prikamian		Westphalian A	318.6 *
				Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
				Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
				Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Tulian	Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
				Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
				Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian		346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Cherepetian	Hastarian		353.7 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Frasnian	Late Devonian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian				Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
			Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
							Stairsian					480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian	Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
														Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
														Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
								Aksaian								490.7 *
								Sakian								492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
														Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian												Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian				Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian									500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian									503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian				Topazan					Stage 5 †	504.5
												Topazan						505.3
												Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †	Caerfai				509
						Toyonian		510 *
						Toyonian		Dyeran				511 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
						Atdabanian		Montezuman				515.6 *
						Atdabanian		Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †				Poundian †							538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †				Wonokan †							571.7 *
																						635