PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Siberia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian							Pannonian	7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian	11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian	12.8 *
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian		66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic		100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
				Kasimovian								303.7
				Moscovian								307
				Bashkirian								315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
				Visean								330.9
				Tournaisian								346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
			Tremadocian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian				489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian		Idamean				494
			Paibian		Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
					Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
					Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian		Undillan				500.5
			Drumian		Floran				503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian				507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
						Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
						Toyonian			510.8 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
	Stage 3		514			Botomian
	Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
												635