PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan					56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
				Wordian															264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
				Visean													Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian	Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg						473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian				477.7
	Varangu						481.3 *
	Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian				Paibian						494
			Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †			Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4				Duyunian				Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3				Nangaoian				Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian				Meishucunian						529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																			635