PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian											Ionian	Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene		MP 16		37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
				Induan																251.2
				Induan									Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai							251.902
																				252.4 *
													Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian									Chhidru							254.14
													Kalabagh							255 *
													Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
																				265.3 *
													Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian									Amb							266.9
				Roadian																270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian							467.3
			Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
										Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10												487.5
	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Aksaian								490.7 *
			Sakian								492.2 *
	Paibian										494
	Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian											497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan											509
			Toyonian								Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian								Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian		538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian		571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian													Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau		1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan		1375
																				1400