PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of China			Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian															Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian															Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian															Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian												Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian												Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian												Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
																Planulata						179.3 *
																Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
																Kanense						181.3 *
																Carlottense						182.3 *
																Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian												Kunae						184.2
																Freboldi						185.1 *
																Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
																	Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
																Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian																		192.9
																Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
																Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian												Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
								Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																						1400