PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of China			Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian								Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian								Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian								Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene		MP 16			37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan												Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Kathwai	251.902
																	252.4 *
																Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian												Chhidru	254.14
																Kalabagh	255 *
																Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian						Wordian							264.28
																	265.3 *
																Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian						Roadian						Amb	266.9
				Roadian						Roadian							270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635