PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian of Eastern North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Lancian/Edmontonian			66
				Campanian						Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Kasimovian									303.7
				Moscovian									307
				Bashkirian									315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
				Visean									330.9
				Tournaisian									346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian							West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian							Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
				Pragian									407.6
				Lochkovian									410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
			Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
				Aeronian									438.5
				Rhuddanian									440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †				443.8
				Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †				445.2
				Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
Sandbian				453			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
Early Ordovician			Floian	Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
													635