PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian											Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
				Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian					100.5
											Middle Albian					106.2 *
											Early Albian					109.9 *
				Aptian							Late Aptian					113
				Aptian							Early Aptian					119.5 *
				Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian							Late Berriasian					139.8
											Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
											Early Berriasian					142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
				Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
				Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
				Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian							Late Bajocian					168.2
				Bajocian							Early Bajocian					168.6 *
				Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian					174.7
											Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
											Early Toarcian					182.9 *
				Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
				Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
				Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian							Sevatian					208.5
											Alaunian					213.2 *
											Lacian					216.7 *
				Carnian							Tuvalian					227
				Carnian							Julian					233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
							Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Gisbornian		Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Yapeenian					467.3
							Castlemainian					468.5 *
							Castlemainian		Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian					470
							Chewtonian			Latorp †		470.1 *
							Bendigonian					471.8 *
							Lancefieldian					473.5 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
Varangu				481.3 *
Pakerort				482.2 *
				Warendian		482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
							486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635