PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian													Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian													Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian													Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian													Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian													Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian													Waipipian		3
				Zanclean													Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean													Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian													Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian													Tongaporutuan		7.246
				Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian													Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian													Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian													Lillburnian		13.82
																	Clifdenian		15.1
																Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian													Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian													Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian													Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Waitakian		23.03
																	Duntroonian		25.2
																	Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian							Kekeamuan								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
																Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																	Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian													Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian													Bortonian		41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																	Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian								Bumbanian					Heretaungan		47.8
																	Mangaorapan		48.9
																	Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan						Teurian		56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Mata	Haumurian	Lancian/Edmontonian	66
				Campanian													Haumurian	Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
				Santonian													Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																	Mangaotanean		90.5
																	Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian													Arowhanan		93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
																	Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Motuan		100.5
																	Urutawan		103.3
																Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian													Korangan		113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian	Paibian								494
			Paibian	Paibian								Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian								Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian	Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian	Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian									Branchian	509
			Stage 3	Nangaoian									Branchian	514
			Stage 3	Nangaoian									Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian										521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian										529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian										530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635