PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian					0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian					3
				Zanclean											Waipipian					3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian					3.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian										Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian											Waiauan					11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian					13.82
															Clifdenian					15.1
														Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian											Altonian					15.98
				Burdigalian											Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
															Duntroonian					25.2
															Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian														Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
														Arnold	Runangan					34.6
															Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian					41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
															Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan				Bumbanian	47.8
															Mangaorapan					48.9
															Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian			Gashatan		56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian											Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
															Mangaotanean					90.5
															Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan					93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
															Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan					100.5
															Urutawan					103.3
														Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian											Korangan					113
				Aptian																117.5
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
			Visean		Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Kralodvorian			Vormsi	449.6 *
							Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
				Zahorany †/Vinice						Haljala		Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
				Liben †									458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi			458.9 *
							Oretanian			Lasnamagi			459.7 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
				Sarka †						Aseri			461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Klabava †										467.3
							Arenigian							468
										Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
Hunneberg										473.7 *
Hunneberg			Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
Varangu										481.3 *
Pakerort										482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian						489.2 *
			Jiangshanian														489.5
																Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian						493.1 *
			Paibian								Maentwrogian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan												Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Caerfai					Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3												Dyeran		514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
															Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																				635