PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian								Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan					56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian										Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian										Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian										Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian										Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian										Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian										Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian										Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Chesterian		323.2
				Visean										Chesterian		330.9
														Meramecian		335.8 *
														Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian										Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian										Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian											Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
	Sunwaptan									487.5
	Sunwaptan		Jiangshanian							489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian							493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635