PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian																Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian																				41.2
				Ypresian																	Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																Gashatan				56
				Selandian																				59.2
				Danian																				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
				Campanian																				72.1
				Santonian																				83.6
				Coniacian																				86.3
				Turonian																				89.8
				Cenomanian																				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
				Aptian																				113
				Barremian																				121.4
				Hauterivian																				125.77
				Valanginian																				132.6
				Berriasian																				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
				Kimmeridgian																				149.2
				Oxfordian																				154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
				Bathonian																				165.3
				Bajocian																				168.2
				Aalenian																				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
				Pliensbachian																				184.2
				Sinemurian																				192.9
				Hettangian																				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
				Norian																				208.5
				Carnian																				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																				259.51
				Wordian																				264.28
				Roadian																				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
				Artinskian																				283.5
				Sakmarian																				290.1
				Asselian																		Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian																		Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian																		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian																		Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian																		Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian																		Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian																		Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		Chesterian		323.2
				Visean																		Chesterian		330.9
																						Meramecian		335.8 *
																						Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian																		Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian																		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																			Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																			Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian	Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
						Cautleyan				448.9 *
						Pusgillian				449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
						Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
						Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
									Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
									Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †				455.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
						Aurelucian							456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku			458.4
	Lasnamagi									458.9 *
	Aseri									460.4 *
	Aseri					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
	Oeland							Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian										467.3
				Arenig		Fennian							468.4 *
								Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †			470.1 *
						Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Whitlandian		Hunneberg					473.7 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian							477.7
						Cressagian							480.8 *
								Varangu					481.3 *
								Pakerort					482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
													Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian				489.5
										Aksaian									490.7 *
										Sakian									492.2 *
																		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Paibian				494
					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									494.7 *
					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian				499.5
			Drumian		Mayan/Menevian									Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian			Waucoban †	509
					Toyonian					Lenian †								510 *
					Toyonian											Dyeran		511 *
					Botomian													512.5 *
			Stage 3											Nangaoian				514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
					Atdabanian											Montezuman		515.6 *
					Atdabanian											Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		Meishucunian							521
			Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
			Fortunian							Manykaian †				529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian			Manykaian †				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Poundian †							538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Wonokan †							571.7 *
																								635