PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian						Autunian			283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Kasimovian									303.7
				Moscovian									307
				Bashkirian									315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
			Stage 3			Branchian	514
			Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †			Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †			Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400