PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian					Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian					Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian					Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene		MP 16			37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Kasimovian									Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Kasimovian									Dalaun	305.8 *
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	443.8
			Katian			Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
						Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	477.7
						Warendian	482.8 *
						Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian			489.5
							Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian							494
			Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan			509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
	Botomian						512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3				514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635