PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128349 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Siberia		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian						Dorashamian							251.902
				Changhsingian				Baoqingian						Dorashamian							253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian						Dzhulfian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Laibinian						Dzhulfian							257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan						Midian							259.51
				Wordian				Kuhfengian						Midian							264.28
				Wordian										Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian										Murgabian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian						Kubergandian							273.01
				Kungurian										Bolorian							279.8
				Artinskian																	283.5
								Longlinian													285.4 *
														Yakhtashian							286
				Sakmarian										Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian				Zisongian						Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
				Gzhelian																	300.1
				Kasimovian																	303.7
				Kasimovian																	305.9
				Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian												307
				Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian												323.2
				Visean					Middle Mississippian												330.9
				Tournaisian					Early Mississippian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian											382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian											387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian											393.3
				Pragian						Siegen											407.6
				Lochkovian						Gedinnine											410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare					Cayugan										419.2
						Kaugetuma					Cayugan										421.7 *
						Kaugetuma					Niagaran										422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare															423
				Ludfordian		Paadla															423.4 *
				Gorstian		Paadla															425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula						Lockportian									427.4
				Homerian		Jaagarahu						Lockportian									429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu															430.5
				Sheinwoodian		Jaani															431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani						Ontarian									433.4
				Telychian		Adavere															434 *
				Aeronian																	438.5
													Alexandrian								438.7 *
						Raikkula															439.4 *
											Medinan	Clinton									440.1 *
																					440.7 *
				Rhuddanian																	440.8
				Rhuddanian		Juuru															441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian													Kosovian				443.8
				Katian													Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
				Katian													Berounian				449.7 *
				Sandbian																	453
																			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
																		Liben †			458 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																	458.4
																	Dobrotivian				458.5 *
																	Oretanian				459.7 *
																		Sarka †			461.7 *
				Dapingian														Klabava †			467.3
				Dapingian													Arenigian				468
			Early Ordovician	Floian													Arenigian				470
				Tremadocian													Tremadocian				477.7
Mansian †	483.55 *			Tremadocian													Tremadocian
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian										485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian												489.5
			Aksaian												490.7 *
			Sakian												492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian										494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan												509
			Toyonian	Lenian †											510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian												514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †								538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †								571.7 *
																					635